Description Preview
The Oculina Mobile Banking app for iOS (version 3.0.0) fails to verify X.509 certificates presented by SSL/TLS servers. This omission allows a man-in-the-middle attacker to impersonate legitimate servers by presenting a crafted certificate, potentially intercepting login credentials and other sensitive information.
Overview
The vulnerability describes a TLS certificate validation flaw in the Oculina Mobile Banking iOS app (3.0.0) that permits a remote attacker on a network to perform a man-in-the-middle attack by presenting a forged certificate, thereby spoofing the server and gaining access to sensitive information. This results in potential credential exposure and data leakage for users on untrusted networks. The issue was disclosed in June 2017.
Remediation
- Implement proper TLS certificate validation in all network communications and ensure no code path bypasses certificate checks.
- Enable certificate pinning (either pin the server certificate or the public key) to prevent MITM even with compromised certificate authorities.
- Remove any custom trust policies or code that disable certificate validation; rely on the platform’s standard trust evaluation.
- Use App Transport Security (ATS) with strict TLS configurations (TLS 1.2+ where available) and ensure all domains are covered.
- Implement secure URLSessionDelegate handling (e.g., proper serverTrust evaluation in didReceiveChallenge) and enforce trust on all requests.
- Validate certificate chains against trusted roots and verify hostname matching.
- Test with MITM tools (e.g., Burp, mitmproxy) to confirm that certificate validation cannot be bypassed.
- Release an updated app version enforcing TLS validation and certificate pinning; require users to update.
- Communicate security improvements to users and consider revoking or deprecating older, insecure versions if feasible.
References
- https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-9593
- https://medium.com/@chronic_9612/advisory-44-credit-union-apps-for-ios-may-allow-login-credential-exposure-4d2f380b85c5
Industry ExposureMost to leastThis section illustrates the prevalence of a specific Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) across various industries based on customer reports. The ranking displays industries from the most to least affected by this particular vulnerability, offering valuable insight into where this CVE has been most frequently observed. This information can help organizations within these sectors prioritize their security efforts, understand their relative risk exposure compared to their peers, and focus remediation strategies where they are most needed. By understanding the industry-specific impact, organizations can make more informed decisions regarding patching, resource allocation, and overall risk management related to this CVE.
This section illustrates the prevalence of a specific Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) across various industries based on customer reports. The ranking displays industries from the most to least affected by this particular vulnerability, offering valuable insight into where this CVE has been most frequently observed. This information can help organizations within these sectors prioritize their security efforts, understand their relative risk exposure compared to their peers, and focus remediation strategies where they are most needed. By understanding the industry-specific impact, organizations can make more informed decisions regarding patching, resource allocation, and overall risk management related to this CVE.
- Accommodation & Food ServicesAccommodation & Food Services: Low
- Administrative, Support, Waste Management & Remediation ServicesAdministrative, Support, Waste Management & Remediation Services: Low
- Agriculture, Forestry Fishing & HuntingAgriculture, Forestry Fishing & Hunting: Low
- Arts, Entertainment & RecreationArts, Entertainment & Recreation: Low
- ConstructionConstruction: Low
- Educational ServicesEducational Services: Low
- Finance and InsuranceFinance and Insurance: Low
- Health Care & Social AssistanceHealth Care & Social Assistance: Low
- InformationInformation: Low
- Management of Companies & EnterprisesManagement of Companies & Enterprises: Low
- ManufacturingManufacturing: Low
- MiningMining: Low
- Other Services (except Public Administration)Other Services (except Public Administration): Low
- Professional, Scientific, & Technical ServicesProfessional, Scientific, & Technical Services: Low
- Public AdministrationPublic Administration: Low
- Real Estate Rental & LeasingReal Estate Rental & Leasing: Low
- Retail TradeRetail Trade: Low
- Transportation & WarehousingTransportation & Warehousing: Low
- UtilitiesUtilities: Low
- Wholesale TradeWholesale Trade: Low

